![]() In 1930, the “lowest-priced high quality” version of the name brand RCA Radiola would set you back $112.50, serious money (roughly $2,000 in today’s dollars), but for $5 down you could walk away with it. In 1929, what everyone was talking about was The Amos ‘n’ Andy Show, on the air weeknights at 7 p.m., the first appointment software in broadcasting history and the best reason to purchase the requisite hardware. Radio, however, soon reached the tipping point for what media scholars call penetration - the mysterious moment when a mass communications technology truly enters the bloodstream of a culture. Depending on your druthers, the arrival can be measured in hard statistics or cultural conversation. 19, 1928) suggested that singing and speaking onscreen would easily outperform a noisy box with no pictures. 6, 1927) and especially The Singing Fool (Sept. Sam Warner, the most tech-wise and farsighted of the four Warner brothers, understood that the movies would need to incorporate sound rather than ignore it. The blockbuster success of The Jazz Singer (Oct. Nonetheless, Hollywood heard the rumblings on the horizon. “Human beings insist upon gathering together, going places where they will meet other human beings and where they may join in a common entertainment objective.” The need for community would never be satisfied by cocooning at home. “The public cannot be kept privately at home by the radio or by anything else,” asserted Exhibitors Herald, telling readers what they wanted to hear. As early as 1924, they sought reassurance that the living room rival was no imminent threat. Radio had formally arrived on the American scene in 1920, with broadcasts of the election victory of Warren Harding. Though still very much a luxury item for most of the jazz age, the mushrooming presence of the new-fangled furniture caused immediate concern among exhibitors. ![]() The macroeconomic catastrophe inflicted the most crippling blow, but an entertainment medium that required no paid admission provided an alternative readily at hand. 20th Century Fox Film Corp./Courtesy Everett Collection The marquee at the Rivoli theater in Times Square, New York City, 1933. The Great Depression, lamented an exhibitor, had left most theaters in the United States “places where tickets were mostly kept not sold.” That made it “the worst year financially in the history of pictures,” but only until 1932, which then took the title for “the industry’s sickest year.” 1933? All that could be seen was a box office landscape of “Stygian blackness.” The decline was precipitous, steady and seemingly irreversible. When the crash hit, it was left cold-cocked by what industry veterans called “its first real churning in the economic maelstrom.”įrom a jazz age high of more than 100 million loyal moviegoers a week in a population of roughly 120 million, Variety estimated in 1931 that average theater attendance had plunged to 65 million by 1931, a drop of 40 percent. Since the days of the nickelodeon, the motion picture industry had considered itself immune from the normal cycles of boom and bust. (“The Great Depression ruled our home,” a fellow baby boomer once remarked to me.)įor Hollywood, the swiftness of the descent into hard times proved especially wrenching. Twenty-five percent unemployment, no safety net, widespread hunger and hopelessness - a soul-crushing trauma that scarred the psyche of the greatest generation more than World War II. ![]() Of course, the economic catastrophe of the Great Depression was the main cause of the rush to the exists, a prolonged convalescence for which not even FDR could fast-track a vaccine. Revisiting a Hollywood Crew's Archival Effort to Use Film to Convict Nazis at Nurembergīy way of perspective and maybe solace, it is worth remembering that the present emergency is not the first time that exhibitors have been beset by a sickening plague and a hot new media rival. In the nadir of the Great Depression, a flatlined economy and the siren call of radio had audiences deserting theaters in droves. It was the movie house version of a bank run, only the customers were running away from the venues.
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![]() ![]() 2020.v, n.d.In the six months prior to writing this article, I presided over a dozen civil trials in my unlimited civil courtroom, so in that period I’ve seen more than two dozen civil lawyers question witnesses. Leading questions are like the trick question which can be used to mislead the court and produce false testimony from the witness. Leading questions are frowned upon amongst the legal fraternity and should be asked only when it is necessary and should not be used during other times. Leading questions can only be asked during the cross-examination of the witness and only during examination-in-chief and re-examination after the court’s permission. In Brinda v R, it was held the court that the Court can determine, whether a leading question should be permitted or not and not the counsel. Also such questions hampers the accused from getting a fair trial and violates the provisions of Article 21 enshrined in the Constitution of India. In Varkey Joseph v State of Kerala, the Supreme Court held that the lawyer should not question the witness in such a manner that results in the witness to answer in Yes or No format. Sec 143 of the Indian Evidence Act states that in addition to other questions, such questions can be asked which tests the varsity of the witness, discover who he is and his position in life, etc. Cross-examination as per Sec 137 of the Indian Evidence Act means the examination of the witness by the adverse party or the opposing party and the Sec 143 states that leading questions can be asked during the cross-examination of the witness and only when the facts are not being proved or admitted. Sec 142 of the Indian Evidence Act states the advocates cannot ask any leading question to the witness called upon by the same party unless with the permission of the court. According to Sec 137 of the Indian Evidence Act, examination-in-chief means the examination of the witness by the party who calls such a witness. The leading questions are close-ended and are normally coached to give out specific answers. Leading questions as per Sec 141 of Indian Evidence Act means: a question asked in a way that is intended to produce a desired answer. According to Merriam-Webster, leading question means- : ‘a question asked in a way that is intended to produce a desired answer’. They are designed in such a way that they echo back what the questioner has asked. The leading questions does not allow the witness to narrate their own version of the story. Such questions are more of rhetoric in nature and the answers to such questions are suggested in the question itself. Leading questions can be a form of persuasion. Normally leading questions results in the witness answer in more of Yes or No pattern. Leading questions can only be asked with the permission of the court or in some specific events. Leading question leads the witness to answer in a very specific answer and also alters the witness’s version of the events. The leading question puts words in the mouth of the witness and the court of law is more concerned with knowing the exact and pure version of the events from the witness. Leading questions are frowned upon in the court of law and the advocates are barred from asking such questions. Maybe the witness must have seen the person at 7:45 and it does make a difference during criminal cases as many things depend on the timing and place when proving facts. The appropriate question to be asked would be, Did you see A speeding? At what time ?. ![]() 50 Examples of Interrogative Sentences | English Findersįor eg:- Did you see A speeding at 100 km/hr at 8 pm near the bakery? Such question eliminates any other material facts and witness is lead to think or assume the facts and answer as per it. ![]() ![]() On the one hand, we are troubled by the idolatry of personal consumerism and the politicization of faith on the other hand, we are distressed by the unchallenged acceptance of theological and moral relativism. We have become deeply concerned about some movements within traditional evangelicalism that seem to be diminishing the church’s life and leading us away from our historic beliefs and practices. ![]() We are a fellowship of evangelical churches in the Reformed tradition deeply committed to renewing our faith in the gospel of Christ and to reforming our ministry practices to conform fully to the Scriptures. The Gospel Coalition Foundation Documents PREAMBLE We want to always be leaning forward in this area knowing that God desires all men to be saved! ( Matt 9:36-38 1 Tim 2:4) Indiscriminate preaching to the lost so that they might be saved is a fundamental commitment of our church. Our mission on earth is to make disciples of all nations. This is what will attract the world to Christ our sincere love for one another. Our love for one another is to be a priority over our love for the world. The apostle Paul outlines this paradigm of ministry in Eph 4:11-16. The Bible teaches us that in ministry, priority is to be given to fellow Christians and then to the world. This is a simple truth that has profound implications. We gather to equip the saints and scatter to evangelize the lost. PRIORITY OF CHRISTIANS OVER NON-CHRISTIAN We believe in complete plurality and unanimity of elders in their leadership of Cornerstone Bible Church. The church can overcome anything except failure in leadership. The unity of the elders is of inestimable importance. Though each elder might have different and varying roles and functions in the church, they are all equal in authority and responsibility. We believe that God's design for leadership in the church is that a plurality of godly men should lead. The elders and the members of CBC must daily spur one another to be more devoted to one's own family. The family is the primary place for God's instruction, prayer, fellowship and evangelism. The first context in which a Christian practices discipleship is in the family. We believe pragmatism in the church is deadly.a death by inches. This means that what drives our church must be dependent solely on Scripture and not on what works, what people need or want. It is imperative that the philosophy of ministry behind our beloved church is thoroughly biblical. The centrality of the Word of the God demands that the Word of God is not just the stated authority of the church but the "functional" authority of the church. Worship and prayer are not secondary practices in the church but are the life and breath of the church. The appropriate response to God's amazing love toward us is to live our lives as worship to God and in complete dependence on the Lord through prayer in all things. Romans 12 teaches us that our lives are lived in response to God's love demonstrated on the cross. God only honors those who honor His Word. The Word of God is our infallible, inerrant and sufficient authority. We glorify God as a church by preaching, studying and obeying the truths of God's Word. (1 Cor 10:31)ĬENTRALITY OF THE WORD OF GOD IN LIFE AND WORSHIP This is the rallying cry of all true followers of Christ, that everything we do is for the overarching aim to glorify God. THE OVERARCHING PURPOSE OF OUR EXISTENCE IS TO GLORIFY GOD The elders of Cornerstone believe that it is imperative that our values are fully understood, practiced, shared, vigorously defended and preserved. These are the guiding biblical principles that are at the heart of our beloved church. From our first inaugural service, these bedrock principles/core values have directed us to this day. We are an evangelical church deeply committed to the central purposes of a Christian church: to exalt God, to edify the saints, and to evangelize the lost.Ĭornerstone Bible Church was planted on February 14th 1999 by a small group of men and women devoted to the simple vision of honoring God and His Word. Jessup spars evenly with Kaffee's questioning, but is unnerved when Kaffee points out a contradiction in his testimony: Jessup stated Marines never disobey orders and that Santiago was to be transferred off-base for his own safety, but, having ordered his men to leave Santiago alone, then Santiago was in no danger. Galloway convinces Kaffee to call Jessup as a witness, despite the risk of a court-martial for smearing a high-ranking officer. Without Markinson's testimony, Kaffee believes the case lost, lamenting that he fought the case instead of taking a deal. ![]() However, they suffer two major setbacks: Downey, under cross-examination, reveals he was not actually present when Dawson received the supposed "code red" order, and Markinson, ashamed that he failed to protect a Marine under his command, tells Kaffee that Jessup never ordered the transfer, but commits suicide rather than testify. Galloway convinces Kaffee to take the case to court the defense establishes the existence of "code red" orders at Guantanamo, and that Dawson specifically had learned not to disobey any order after a promotion was denied for helping out a Marine who was under what could be seen as a "code red". Kaffee meets with Jessup, who tells Kaffee that Santiago was set to be transferred. Dawson shows outright contempt for Kaffee's 'cowardice', even refusing to salute. Kaffee negotiates a plea bargain with the prosecutor, Captain Jack Ross (USMC) insisting Kendrick gave the "code red" order minutes after he had publicly ordered the platoon not to touch Santiago, and never intending their victim to die, Dawson and Downey refuse the deal. Initially, friction exists between Galloway, who resents Kaffee's apparent laziness, and Kaffee, who resents Galloway's interference. Galloway wants to defend them, but the case is given to Lieutenant (junior grade) Daniel Kaffee, an inexperienced and unenthusiastic lawyer with a penchant for plea bargains. Naval investigator and lawyer Lieutenant commander JoAnne Galloway suspects Dawson and Downey carried out a "code red": a violent extrajudicial punishment. ![]() Base Commander Colonel Nathan Jessup and his officers argue about the best course of action: while Jessup's executive officer, Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Markinson, advocates that Santiago be transferred, Jessup dismisses the option and orders Santiago's commanding officer, Lieutenant Jonathan James Kendrick, to 'train' Santiago to become a better Marine. Santiago had poor relations with his fellow Marines, compared unfavorably to them, and broke the chain of command in an attempt to get transferred out of Guantanamo. Marines Lance Corporal Harold Dawson and Private Louden Downey are facing a general court-martial, accused of killing fellow Marine Private William Santiago at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. You can call your next witness in the morning.U.S. ![]() Then Kevin Bacon calls another member of the platoon to testify and this exchange follows:īacon: The government calls Corporal Raymond Thomas.Ĭruise: Please the court, I understand Kevin Bacon is planning on calling all the other members of Rifle Security Company Windward to testify.īacon: In light of the defense that Tom Cruise is planning to mount, the explicit instructions of the platoon leader seems particularly relevant testimony.Ĭruise: The defense is willing to concede that all 23 witnesses will testify substantially as Corporal Hammaker did, if the government is willing to concede that none of them were in Dawson and Downey's room at 16:20 on August 6th. On cross-examination, Tom Cruise then asks him whether he was in the defendants' room five minutes after this meeting, which he wasn't, and the witness is dismissed. Early on in the trial in the film A Few Good Men, Kevin Bacon calls a member of a platoon to testify that the platoon was, as a group, given an order that Santiago (the victim) was to be left alone and not touched. Looking back on her incredible run on season 13, Denali says her proudest moment is her lip-sync showdown against Kahmora Hall. It is beyond an honour to be able to be a part of the Drag Race universe and be a Ru girl.” However, Denali adds: “But, to be a part of the show after doing just two years of drag and to last ten episodes, I cannot be prouder of my journey. There was obviously a lot of disappointment considering how competitive I am and how bad I wanted to make it to the end.” “I am so proud of everything I did and to see the fans attaching to my authenticity. That left a lot of wounds so to see how they have received me has been so healing, and rewarding,” she tells us. “It has been a tumultuous year and I didn’t accomplish everything I wanted to do in the show. Speaking with GAY TIMES after the episode, Denali admits that the positive feedback from viewers has been the “most healing part” of her experience. Although both queens were determined to scoop another win, they fell short when compared to their competitors.ĭenali’s departure was met with resistance – to say the least – from fans, who hailed her elimination as another case of a contestant being “robbed” from their place in the competition, much like Katya in season seven and Jan in season 12. On last week’s episode, the fan-favourite competitor received the dreaded sashay away from RuPaul after competing in a soulful lip-sync smackdown with Olivia Lux to Mary Mary’s signature single, Shackles (Praise You).įor the maxi-challenge, the eight remaining queens – Denali, Olivia, Gottmik, Kandy Muse, Rose, Symone, Tina Burner and Utica – were tasked with transforming one of their sisters into their drag doppelgängers.įollowing a psychic reading from internationally renowned medium Char Margolis, Denali was paired with Olivia. ![]() ![]() ![]() Denali has reflected on her iconic Drag Race experience. Naturally, Ataru manages to win (even if he does end up unintentionally proposing to their princess in the process). ![]() The series started with the Oni deciding to invade Earth, but then deciding to call it off if a randomly chosen earthling could beat Princess Lum in a game of Tag.
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Sounds like CloudReady would just the thing then. ![]() (Schools around here have students do their homework on Google Classroom.) If that works, my daughter can use that computer for her homework. If you're set on Win 10 though, give it a shot and let us know how it goes.īut I think I might try out this Neverware that rb0321 mentioned on that old HP Netbook. A friend was supposed to line up a couple folks that could use them but I haven't heard from him so I may just donate them to make room for something new. They are very usable for email, surfing, and all the other Google stuff. After install everything worked perfectly 'out of the gate' and after a couple updates both continue to run smoothly. It basically made the 2007 into a Chromebox clone (Chromium) and the 2009 laptop into a Chromebook clone. 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